Diabetic foot: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

 

Diabetic foot: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

Diabetes is a chronic disease which results in many complications. Among these foot ulceration or Diabetic foot is one of the most common complications. Foot ulcers are open sores/ ulcers that form on the feet and can be extremely painful. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention of foot ulcers from diabetes.

1. What is a foot ulcer?

A foot ulcer is an open wound that is formed on the skin of the foot. It can range in size from a small blister to as big as a deep, gaping wound. Foot ulcers are most commonly found commonly on the bottom of the foot or on the toes.

2. What causes foot ulcers from diabetes?

Foot ulcers from diabetes are caused by a combination of factors, including nerve damage (neuropathy), poor blood circulation, and high blood glucose levels. Nerve damage can lead to a loss of feeling in the feet, making injuries or wounds very difficult to detect. Poor circulation and high blood sugar can also make it difficult for the body to heal wounds properly.

3. What are the symptoms of a diabetic foot ?

Symptoms of a foot ulcer may include redness, swelling, discharge of pus, and a foul odor. The affected area may also feel warm to the touch, and you may experience pain or discomfort while walking and other daily activities..

 

4. How can I care for my feet if I have diabetes?

If you have diabetes, it is important to take special care of your feet to prevent the development of foot ulcers. Some tips for caring for your feet include:

• Check your feet daily in the morning and while taking a shower for cuts, blisters, or other injuries.
• Wear well-fitting shoes with soft sole and avoid going barefoot.
• Keep your feet clean, wash them regularly  and dry
• Apply good quality lotion regularly to your feet to keep the skin moisturized.
• Trim your toenails straight across to avoid painful ingrown nails.   
• Manage your blood sugar levels through diet, proper blood glucose monitoring, medication, and exercise.

Read more: 6 easy steps to control Diabetes

• visit a podiatrist regularly for foot exams and care.

5. What are the complications of diabetic foot ulcers?

If left untreated, diabetic foot can lead to even more serious complications, including infection, gangrene  which may lead to amputation. In some cases, the infection can spread to other parts of the body causing sepsis and become life-threatening.

6. How can I manage my blood glucose levels?

Managing your blood sugar levels is key to preventing foot ulcers and other complications of diabetes. Some tips for managing your blood sugar levels include:

• Follow a healthy, balanced diet that is low in sugar and carbohydrates and eat plenty of fresh vegetables
• Take your diabetes medication or insulin as prescribed by your doctor.
• Check your blood sugar levels regularly  at home and adjust your medication as instructed.
• Engage in regular physical activity eg walking in the neighborhood.

7. Risk factors for foot ulcers

Some people with diabetes are at a higher risk than others in deleveloping foot ulcer. Risk factors for foot ulcers may include:

• very poorly controlled blood glucose levels
• Nerve damage (neuropathy)
• Poor or diminished circulation
• Smoking cigarettes
• High blood pressure or Hypertension
• High cholesterol level in the blood
• Obesity (BMI>30)
• Foot deformities, such as hammertoes
• Previous history of foot ulcers or amputations

8. Diagnosis of diabetic foot 

If you suspect that you have a foot ulcer, it is important to see a healthcare provider as soon as possible. Your provider will examine the wound and may order certain investigations to check for infection or to assess blood flow to the affected area. In some cases, imaging tests such as MRI may be necessary to determine the extent of the damage.

 Read more: 6 easy steps to control Diabetes

9. Treatment options of diabetic foot

Treatment for foot ulcers from diabetes typically involves a combination of wound care and management of blood glucose levels. Wound care may include cleaning the wound, applying  regular dressings, and in some cases, surgical intervention. Management of blood sugar levels may involve making changes to your diet, medications, and daily exercise routine.

Wound care for foot ulcers

Proper wound care is necessary for the healing of foot ulcers. This may include cleaning the wound with a mild antiseptic solution, applying regular dressings, and using compression therapy to improve blood flow to the affected area. In some cases, debridement (removal of dead tissue) or surgical intervention may be essential to promote healing.

Medications for foot ulcers

In addition to wound care, your healthcare provider may prescribe medications to help heal your foot ulcer. These may include antibiotics for infection, pain medications to manage pain and discomfort, and topical creams or ointments to promote healing.

Surgery for foot ulcers

In severe cases of foot ulcers, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged tissue or to correct underlying foot deformities if any that may be contributing to the development of ulcers. This may include procedures such as skin graftings, bone removal, or joint reconstruction.

10. Emotional impact of foot ulcers

Living with foot ulcers can take a significant emotional toll, as they can be painful, discomforting  and may limit your ability to engage in activities that you enjoy. It is important to seek support from family, friends, and healthcare providers, and to take steps to improve your emotional well-being, such as engaging in relaxation techniques eg yoga , taking counseling, or participating in support groups.

Read more: 6 easy steps to control Diabetes

In conclusion, foot ulcers from diabetes are a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of this chronic disease. Prevention, early detection, and proper treatment are essential for reducing the risk of complications and maintaining good foot health. By following the tips outlined in this article, you can take steps to protect your feet and avoid the development of foot ulcers.

FAQs

Q. Can foot ulcers be cured?

While foot ulcers can be healed, they may not be cured completely, and it is important to take steps to prevent their recurrence.

Q. Can foot ulcers lead to amputation?

Yes, if left untreated or if the infection spreads, foot ulcers can lead to amputation. Sometimes amputation is inevitable to save the body from life threatening situations.

Q. How often should I have my feet checked by a healthcare provider if I have diabetes?

It is recommended that you have your feet checked by a healthcare provider at least once in a year if you have diabetes, and more frequently if you have a previous history of foot ulcers or other foot problems.

Q. What types of shoes are best for people with diabetes?

Shoes that fit well and provide good support and cushioning with soft sole are best for people with diabetes. Look for shoes with a wide toe box, soft lining, and a low heel.

Q. Is it safe to trim my own toenails if I have diabetes?

While it is generally safe to trim your own toenails if you have diabetes, it is important to remember to avoid cutting into the skin.

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